Michelangelo and the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel essays

Michelangelo and the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel essays Without question, the most recognized work of the Renaissance is Michelangelo's, Sistine Chapel. Named for Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere (1471-1484), the chapel is simple in shape. Its measurements repeat those given in the Bible for the temple of Solomon. But, despite the Sistine Chapel's structural simplicity, its ceiling is one of the pinnacle achievements in art history. After more than four years, Michelangelo completed his masterpiece ceiling in October of 1512. On it, he portrayed the nine stories from the Book of Genesis, including its most famous image, God's Creation of Adam. The achievement of this work lies not only in the detail and beauty of the artistry but also in the comprehensiveness of the stories told in the picture. The Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age. The most obvious changes during Renaissance times are seen in the Chapel's paintings and sculptures. Artists began to experiment for the first time with oil-based paints. They mixed powdered pigments with linseed oil. The paints dried slowly and remained workable for a few months. Stonemasons of the Middle Ages began to be replaced by Artists. They used materials like bronze to make the scenes in their bas-reliefs more lifelike. Perspective and light were introduced into art. A team of computer experts recently proved that background architectural details were perfectly proportioned and positioned about the figures in the foreground of some Renaissance paintings. Many Renaissance works of art showed subjects taken from the Bible. Non-religious subjects from Greek and Roman Mythology were also popular. The painters and artists that lived during the Renaissance changed the way the world looked at art for all time. This was the most frustrating project of his life. Michelangelo spent a year on the gigantic bronze curvatures. Shortly after awarding the contract for the tomb, Julius commissioned the decoration of the ceiling of the Si...

Analysis of a Public Firm GoPro Essays

Analysis of a Public Firm GoPro Essays Analysis of a Public Firm GoPro Paper Analysis of a Public Firm GoPro Paper Capitalizing on traditional advertising, content marketing and social media, GOP built a ritualistic fan base in sports enthusiasts, professional athletes, and media production professionals. Goops professional line of wearable and mountable cameras are now becoming the most used camera in the market today, making it one of the most innovative and successful cameras in the world. An evaluation of the companys internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats paints a nice picture of where GOP is and where GOP could be at as a company. Some of the greatest design features of the GOP are the size, durability, and recitalist of the camera and the outer protective casing enabling it to be worn and carried virtually anywhere. GOP focuses on outperforming its competition while at the same time capitalizing on the quality of their product. Goops advertising and brand promotion has successfully targeted and acquired professional attention from a multitude of industry leaders. However, these past marketing strategies left a large portion of the average consumer Feb. ND. With timing being the essence of success, GOP recently filed for and initial public offering set in the second quarter of 2014. The timing of this PIP creates a crucial opportunity to transition the average consumer into a GOP user and acquire more market share. New advertising messages and integrated brand promotions will be utilized to target the travel, leisure and recreation sectors. External Environment A. Market Analysis Goops past marketing efforts have identified two solid markets. The primary market is active adults ages be;en 21 and 45 and a secondary market of teens and young adults between ages 12 and 18. Along with this age segmentation GOP has also focused its marketing towards consumers who re into extreme sport lifestyle. Additionally GOP targets consumers who tend to take two or three vacations a year. These active consumers tend to love travel, willing to document their goals, aspirations, travels and hobbies over social media. GOP loves this demographic because they seem to be easy decision-makers, brand loyal and favor quality over price. The third group which is young adults between ages 18 and 21 tend to travel with their friends on short social outings and trips that fit their hobbies and interests. This group is the highest group of social media users. This group spends on average of 29 or more hours per week online distributing and consuming media. B. Competitive Analysis Goops main competitors are Sony, Contour, and Camembert. GOP make! Up 84% of the action camera market share, following next is Sony with 7%, then Contour with 8 and Camembert with 1%. Sony is a viable competitor because its unmatched image quality. Other competitors closely match Goops design, mounting and protection of the camera. Other competitors such as the Contour feature laser alignment and GAPS tracking. These feature: are key in developing professional quality videos. The GAPS feature lets users rack and remember where videos were taken. Still GOP dominates the market because they are the most well know brand and are leading the edge of portable action cameras. GOP has a global industry scope. More than half Of all GOP sales are outside of the US. The outlook for action sports cameras in my opinion will not go out of style anytime soon and is an attractive fad for young adults. Internal Environment A. Company Profile I. History In 2002, Nicholas Woodman created the idea of the wearable camera. The evolution occurred when the camera was moved from the writs to an apparatus that can be attached to any device. GOP became the first company that solved the issue of how do you captured images and video when people are in their moments Of excitement where it is just too inconvenient to hold the camera. The key feature of GOP systems would be the outer protective shell which- has the ability to rotate upon itself, creating a durable camera that is water and shock proof and can be mounted to anything. The evolution enabled people around the world to state document their everyday lives. From sports to scientific research these innovative cameras captured it all. Ii. Employment GOP employs hundreds of people. GOP looks for independent, creative thinkers to join their team. GOP employs people in many different sectors. From firmware and hardware development to finance, legal and marketing. Go pro has a job for you. Locations of employment include San Mateo and San Francisco California, New York City, Munich Germany, Sheehan China, Hong Kong and Amsterdam Netherlands. Ii. Product Lines The first GOP was introduced to the market in 2004. The GOP camera has evolved from HAD Hero to HAD Hero 4. The new HAD Hero 4 includes key features such as ultra-high definition resolution, shooting PM photos at 30 frames per second. Goops feature super wide angle lenses that operate at extreme low lighting conditions. All Goops are light weight and are versatile and customizable. The editing software included is a powerful enough to handle your toughest footage. Iv. Quality GOP Quality is second to none.

International Marketing Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Marketing Master - Assignment Example Power mainly holds with Prime Minister. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of People's Republic of China and it maintains a high degree of autonomy in all matters relating to government and politics except foreign and defense affairs. It is regarded as separate entity though maintained as dependency on certain issues on china. In South Korea the government structure is determined by constitution of republic of Korea. The country has always had a presidential system with a relatively independent chief executive. Law systems in these countries are distinctly different from each other. Japanese law and judicial system is influenced by civil law of Europe and has also the roots of Chinese whereas Hong Kong though now a part of China and have its own autonomy still follows the common law which was established under British colonial law. So if we consider our product of Play station it won't have a big effect if any problems crop up as these countries law system is quite streamlined enough to make its own impact towards the issues. In South Korea taxes are imposed on both national and local level. Taxes like property tax, license tax fall under local tax levels whereas custom duties tax and international tax come under national level. Taxes are imposed both on companies which are global or foreign and national companies. The difference however ranges from the slab rate which is offered to each of them. The following figure shows the corporate Income tax rate for general corporations Corporate Income Tax Rate for General Corporations Previous Revised Tax base Tax rate Tax base Tax rate 80 million 20% (24%) 100 million won or less 20% over 80 million won * Unlisted Large-scale Corp.:33% (39.6-41.25) * Non-Profit Corp.: 27% (32.4-33.5%) * Corp., other than the above: 30% (36-37.5%) over 100 million won 20 million won + 34% of an amount in excess of 100 million won Source: http://www.asiatradehub.com/s.korea/tax1.asp If we look at the Hong Kong economy and business prospects one thing we can gather information from it is that tax system followed. It can be said as most business friendly tax system in the world. The best part is that there are no values added taxes (VAT) or sales tax. Taxes are usually levied on profits, salaries and property. The tax rate when profit tax is considered is 17.5 % for corporations and 16% for other business environments. Similarly property taxes are 16% on the annual rent. If we consider Japan, we can say taxes form two categories. They are National Tax and Local Tax. Under these categories lots of subcategories are present which deal with every type of tax which is imposed in the country. Taxes on all issues like bathing tax, consumer goods tax, and gasoline tax are imposed. The consumption tax rate is 5%.Income tax is applied to foreigner which is way too complicated than we can

Organisational Culture & International Management Essay

Organisational Culture & International Management - Essay Example ......................................................................6 2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Organisational Culture........................6 2.2 Dyson Paper's Organisational Structures & Cultural Trends......................7 2.3 Jones Sales Agency's Organisational Structures & Cultural Trends............8 3.1 Issues in the Merger Between the Two UK Departments..........................8 3.1.1 Structures & Cultural Clash..............................................................9 3.1.2 Management & Unity of Purpose.......................................................10 3.1.3 Ethical Differences..........................................................................11 3.1.3 Motivation.....................................................................................11 3.2 Towards Resolving the Issues With the Merger †¦..................................12 3.2.1 Team Building................................................................................12 3 .2.2 Definition of A New Management Structure for Paper Converters...........13 3.2.3 Formulation of Common Systems and Structures................................13 3.2.4 Communication & Interpersonal Interaction........................................14 3.2.5 Supervision...................................................................................14 3.2.6 Training........................................................................................14 4.0 Zambian Joint Vent... ..................................................................16 4.1.3 Poor Information Flow Systems & Lack of Control..............................16 4.2 International Cultural Issues..............................................................16 4.2.1 Disregard for Cultural Dimensions....................................................17 4.2.2 Power Distance Issues....................................................................17 4.2.3 Uncertainty Avoidance Lapses..........................................................17 4.2.4 Role Playing Issues.........................................................................18 4.3 Towards Improving the Zambian Joint Venture......................................18 Conclusion.............................................................................................18 References.............................................................................................20 Executive Summary This paper provides an insight into the major organisational behaviour problems being faced by Paper Converters Limited. The company is the culmination of a merger between two companies with distinct specializations. However, a move to a joint premises and the establishment of an unsuccessful international branch has prompted an enquiry into the causes of issues in the company. The paper identifies that there are major organisational culture issues between the two entities and this spans from the clash of cultures of the two departments. Also, the failure of the management of Paper Converters to take decisive action has led to major problems. This has affected motivation and performance of the organisation. It would be appropriate to integrate some measures relating to team building like communication, definition of

First Documentary Essay Example for Free

First Documentary Essay Robert Flaherty’s classic film tells the story of Inuit hunter Nanook and his family as they struggle to survive in the harsh conditions of Canada’s Hudson Bay region. I’d say that the vast majority of footage is staged, in the sense that Flaherty told the actors what to do in order to fit the frame. Yet there is a weird authenticity to what Flaherty ends up with, probably because of all the stories and local culture he had absorbed in the months preceding. Flaherty’s aim was to document a way of life, not a series of incidents that happened to occur while his camera was on. He represents his subject to the audience, portraying staged events as real but on the other hand, the theme is the battle of humans against nature and the fight for survival in a hostile environment. Although the film is only showing a few people, it can be seen as an exploration of the world of a different people and their culture. Much of the action was staged and gives an inaccurate view of real Inuit life during the early 20th century. Nanook was in fact named Allakariallak, for instance, while the wife shown in the film was not really his wife. And although Allakariallak normally used a gun when hunting, Flaherty encouraged him to hunt after the fashion of his ancestors in order to capture what was believed to be the way the Inuit lived before European influence. The most impressive characteristic in his way of filming is how he spent a few months in the Arctic to record the daily life of the Eskimo, Nanook and his family on camera (the hunting, fishing, building of igloos, fur-trading, child care, and the sleigh-dogs). Its dramaturgic and narrative sophistication is by showing the daily life of Nanook and his family, Flaherty avoids a reserved or distanced position from the protagonists and allows for the audience to identify with them, although they are exotic primitives, Flaherty’s Eskimos are acting subject, no ethnographical objects . Additionally, Flaherty did not show any signs of the clumsiness of a beginner in his cinematographic abilities. Not only did he know how to take good pictures, he also knew how to tell stories with them. He used long takes mainly, which are realized by a motionless position of the camera (with only a few pans) and the action is caught mainly using a medium close-up distance of framing. Like his models, Flaherty used a linear narrative in chronological order, mostly unedited and story-lines are not resolved. Also, following their fashion, he used dramatic effects by restricting the view with the camera to create suspense; by letting pictures run through the frame slowly, disclosing their meaning and purpose only gradually. A good example for this is the opening sequence, introducing the dramatis personae: Nanook and his family, Nyla, his wife with the youngest baby on her arms, the children Allee, Cunayou, and Comock, and the husky. This way of filming expresses the exploration of the world of a different people and their culture. We see the hunters creeping inch by inch upon a herd of slumbering walruses, and then Nanook springing up and harpooning one, and then a fierce struggle in which the mate of the walrus joins the battle. Such scenes simplify Inuit life to its most basic reality. In this land the only food comes from other animals, which must be hunted and killed. Everything the family uses; its food, fuel, clothing and tools, comes in some way from those animals, except for the knives and perhaps harpoon points, which they obtain at a trading post. The effects created here is the fact that a lot of the action in Nanook was initiated by the Eskimos themselves, such as the walrus hunt. This becomes clear during the take in which a fur-trader attempts to entertain Nanook with a gramophone. Nanook plays the simple-minded wild man who uses his teeth to check how the white man conserves his voice on a record. The other example, is during the he construction of an igloo. Nanook and his friends carve big blocks of snow and stack them in a circle, carving new ones from the floor so that it sinks as the walls rise and curve inward to form a dome. Then he finds sheets of ice, cuts holes in the igloo walls, and inserts the ice to make windows. There is another igloo, a smaller one, for the dogs. And inside the big igloo, the tiniest igloo of all, for puppies, which the big dogs would quickly eat. Conclusions Although the story of Nanook’s family is unscripted, Flaherty approached them with a preconceived idea of what he would film. Accounting for decisions about what would and would not be filmed, the notion that he has captured real life becomes vague. The Eskimos look directly at the camera, aware that they are being filmed. Flaherty even brought film processing equipment with him, so he could develop and view the reels as he shot them. The Eskimos viewed the reels as well and understood what was going on. Furthermore, Flaherty intended to create a feature film, as features were popular in theaters at the time. He included aspects of features in his work such as dramatic narrative, characters with personalities, conflicts and resolutions. At 79 minutes, it was considered feature length at the time. He simply chose to use unscripted, uncostumed non-actors in a natural setting. References Robert Flaherty. Nanook of the North: A story of life and love in the actual arctic.

Dreams in Young Goodman Brown and in the Life of Its Author Essay

Dreams in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and in the Life of Its Author   Ã‚  Ã‚   The entire allegory of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is incoroporated into a dream, depending on the reader’s interpretation of the Hawthorne tale. In his own life Hawthorne had dreams and made personal use of them.    In 1847 Edgar Allan Poe, reviewing Hawthorne’s tales in â€Å"Tale-Writing: A Review† for Godey's Lady's Book, has this to say about his dreamy approach to writing:    Now, my own opinion of him is, that although his walk is limited and he is fairly to be charged with mannerism, treating all subjects in a similar tone of dreamy innuendo [italics mine], yet in this walk he evinces extraordinary genius, having no rival either in America or elsewhere; and this opinion I have never heard gainsaid by any one literary person in the country    Hawthorne’s dreamy approach to life began at a very young age, as mentioned by James Russell Lowell in â€Å"Hawthorne† in A Fable For Critics (1848).    His mind developed itself; intentional cultivation might have spoiled it.... He used to invent long stories, wild and fanciful, and tell where he was going when he grew up, and of the wonderful adventures he was to meet with, always ending with, 'And I 'm never coming back again,' in quite a solemn tone, that enjoined upon us the advice to value him the more while he stayed with us.    â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† opens with the young Puritan husband leaving his wife for the evening so that he can secretly attending a witches’ meeting in the middle of the forest. As he leaves the house:    "Dearest heart," whispered she, softly and rather sadly, when her lips were close to his ear, "pr'ythee, put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep i... ...-oriented that his philosophy of life includes dream imagery.    WORKS CITED Benoit, Raymond.   "'Young Goodman Brown': The Second Time Around."   The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 19 (Spring 1993): 18-21. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959. 247-56. James, Henry. Hawthorne. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhhj1.html Lowell, James Russell. â€Å"Hawthorne.† In A Fable For Critics. 1848. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/fable.html Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"Tale-Writing: A Review.† In Godey's Lady's Book, November, 1847, no. 35, pp. 252-6. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhpoe2.html Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

“a Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971”

Brianna Obermiller English 1000 â€Å"A Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971† In 1971, veteran John Kerry stands for himself and many other veterans in a speech opposing the Vietnam War. Relaying how the veterans feel after coming back from such a horrific war, the audience is sympathetic with those who return with such terrible memories that they must bare for the rest of their lives.For John Kerry, it may be hard for him to describe such atrocities to his audience, and it may be even harder for the audience to believe that what he is saying is truthful, because what was going on in Vietnam at the time was much different than what the citizens of the USA believed it to be. For them, knowing the truths of the Vietnam War may simply put them in denial, however I believe Kerry’s descriptions were effective in convincing the audience of the truths of the war, because he conveys his truths by appealing to the audience’s pathos.The speech begins with John Kerry speak ing on behalf of a large group of veterans. Describing the â€Å"war crimes† that they committed in Southeast Asia, a disgusting picture is painted of â€Å"cut off limbs, blown up bodies, [and] randomly shot at civilians† (23). To the American Citizen, it would be hard to imagine that this was what the young soldiers were doing in Southeast Asia at the time; Even harder to believe.However, when he speaks of how the young men feel upon their return, the truth of what he is saying becomes apparent. â€Å"The country doesn’t know it yet but it has created a monster, a monster in the form of millions of men who have been taught to deal and to trade in violence and who are given the chance to die for the biggest nothing in history; men who have returned with a sense of anger and a sense of betrayal which no one has yet grasped† (24).For the mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers whom have sent one of their own to live in such conditions, this would be such a shock that denial may be imminent. And for the listeners of this speech who have little or no personal connection, the sympathy as well as the horror would be overwhelming. How then does Kerry convince his audience that what he is saying is indeed the truth? First he chooses to speak for himself and the other men in Asia.In response to West Point Vice President Agnew’s statement that â€Å"Some glamorize the criminal misfits of society while our best men die in Asian rice paddies to preserve the freedom which most of those misfits abuse,† (24). Kerry states that â€Å"for us, as boys in Asia whom the country was supposed to support, his statement is a terrible distortion from which we can only draw a very deep sense of revulsion† (24). Why is it a terrible distortion? This would be a very common view for most Americans at the time.Kerry states that it is a distortion â€Å"because we in no way consider ourselves the best men of this country; because those he ca lls misfits were standing up for us in a way that nobody else in this country dared to†¦ because so many of those best men have returned as quadriplegics and amputees- and they lie forgotten in†¦ Hospitals†¦ We cannot consider ourselves America’s best men when we are ashamed of and hated for what we were called on to do in Southeast Asia† (24). The graphic descriptions that Kerry provides may convince the audience that what he is saying is indeed truthful, because it appeals to their pathos, as well as shocks them.His descriptions alone are, what I believe, his main advantage in convincing the readers of his point. In conclusion, the speech that John Kerry gave in 1971 would have been such a shock to his audience, that the truthfulness of his words may have been questioned. However, I believe that through appealing to the audience’s pathos, Kerry was very effective in swaying the audience to believe that what he was saying was indeed the truth, as well as effective in getting his point and his hope for the outcome of the war across to Wartime America. We wish that a merciful God could wipe away our own memories of that service as easily as the administration has wiped away their memories of us†¦ [in] 30 years from now our brothers [will] go down the street without a leg, without an arm, or a face, and small boys [will] ask why, and we will be able to say â€Å"Vietnam† and not mean a†¦ filthy obscene memory, but mean instead a place where America finally turned and where soldiers like us helped it in the turning† (26). Citations: Kerry, John F. A Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971. Apr. 1971. U. S Government

Individuality and Community

Collin College English 1302 Individuality!!! No Wait Community!!!! As far back as time can go there has been the issue of individuality and community. To say the actual words together, individuality and community, the words themselves seem to be a paradox. In an earnest attempt to understand what those words mean in conjunction with race, social constructions, passions, and freedom, along with the intention of understanding the white moderate.As an outsider, I have been lead down a road that inevitably will be a dead end. However, this twisted mess of a road has had many pleasant and informative stops, some felt as if I was being invited to the family picnic on the fourth of July. Yet the next turn led me down a private darkened path. The journey has injured the heart, worn out the proverbial fingers, and enlightened me on several occasions. While I understand these issues, the complexity of it all may be explained by pure definition.The term â€Å"Community† in human communit ies, is intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. â€Å"Individuality† is the state or quality of being. Example: a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs, goals, and desires. Individualism can be a gift or a curse depending on the context in which it occurs.Because modern society finds it important that people think independently, decide autonomously and take personal initiatives, the concept of individualism has acquired a positive connotation. However, individualism is also linked with the tendency to withdraw from social life and turn in towards oneself. All through history there have been struggles to â€Å"fit in† to be and individual while being part of the inclusive community. Yet to act as an individual, mainstream society will have a person thrown out of a community unless one conf orms to their ways.While in Don Marquis, â€Å"The Lessons of the Moth†, it states that the moth would rather fly straight into the flame even at the cost of his own life for true harmony and happiness verses sitting at a distance and watching. Does this leave the impression that the moth may never find happiness if he doesn’t change to and conform to what the â€Å"Community† wants? To say, one would commit suicide over such painful issues. What a dark dangerous path one must be on to end a life.In Richard Rodriguez’s â€Å"The Chinese in All of Us† He enlightens us all by stating â€Å"to choose or not to choose, and diversity is our strength† left me with the thought that while you have the choice to choose there is always a negative ramification if you choose incorrectly. With the example that in school he is made to speak up and look the teacher in the eye, yet, at home it is seen as disrespect to his father. What choice did he have he was in trouble either way he turned. He was forced to be multicultural, although to an extent he was also forced to hide each side from the other.While there are currently many different opinions about what it is to be an American. The words of our forefathers ring in our heads daily. Children start each school day by saying the pledge of allegiance. â€Å"One Nation under God with Liberty and Justice for All† are these words truthful? Because there has also been talk of the great melting pot of America, what does that really mean? Does it mean that no matter the color of one’s skin or ethnicity that we as Americans are free to make choices to choose whom we want to be? If we choice to be part of the community and be part of the common goal whatever that may be its ok.Whereas if the belief system is not the same as another person’s, this would not be a good fit into this one community. As an individual, one must then search for a new community. America is made u p of many communities and individuals sometimes it would appear that a community shoves an individual out to be the â€Å"Spokes Person† to see how other communities will react, if they react well then arms are open wide in a receptive welcome, as if an exit never happened. However if the words chosen are not receptive to the mainstream community, a person may be ousted or evicted from the community.Begin again, start a new journey. While reading John Hope Franklin’s essay â€Å"Train from Hate† may have started this journey into trying to figure out exactly what community and individuality is all about. Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail† states repetitively that oppression must stop and that all were created equally his intensions are to protest in a nonviolent way, and that he is at his last resort to actually protest. He speaks of self-purification and desegregation all in the name of equality. Placing blame up the â €Å"white moderate†, which asI see to be the leadership of our country. It would be fair to say the moderate of our everyday life has been conformed in some way all for the greater good of community. There is no question that race is a part of the issue as well as stating religion the color of your eyes and your social status play a huge role. Whereas the most prominent sentence off all the stories I have read this past week one in particular has stood out. John Hope Franklins â€Å"Train from Hate† states the words all should live by, â€Å"Under No circumstance should I be upset or distressed because someone sought to demean me†(223).We are in a community of 1000’s of individuals. One could break these up into several categories male/female, black/white, religious or not the list is too long. Only you as an individual can decide what’s best for you either or. Works Cited â€Å"Abjection. † Wikipedia. org. Wikimedia. 20 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 F eb. 2013. â€Å"Community. † Wikipedia. org. Wikimedia. 20 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. Franklin, John Hope. â€Å"Train from Hate. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument 5th ed. Eds. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 223-24. Print. â€Å"Individuality. Wikipedia. org. Wikimedia. 20 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. King, Martin Luther, Jr. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument 5th ed. Eds. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 224-35. Print. Marquis, Don. â€Å"The Lesson of the Moth. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument 5th ed. Eds. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 196-97. Print. Rodriguez, Richard. â€Å"The Chinese in All of Us. † Reading Literature and Writing Argument 5th ed. Eds. Missy James and Alan P. Merickel. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 242-48. Print.

Quantum Theory Research Paper

Quantum Theory Research Paper Quantum theory, the modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles, is one of the most important theories devised in the 20th century. The theory is revolutionary as it replaces classical physics in the description of events at the microscopic level and now the theory provides the foundation for modern physics and chemistry. The person who formed the basis of the quantum theory was Max Planck. In the 19th century, scientists used laws of classical physics to explain the relationship between matter and energy. Toward the end of the 19th century, various experimental results were obtained that could not be explained by classical physics. One of the failures of classical physics was the inability to explain the observed frequency distribution of radiant energy emitted by a hot blackbody. Classical physics predicts that when a blackbody is heated, the frequencies of the light radiated will take on a continuous range of values from zero to infinity. However, from experimental observations, the frequency distribution reaches a maximum and then falls off to zero as the frequency increases. In 1900, Max Planck announced a theory to explain the observed frequency distribution of blackbody radiation. He suggested that a blackbody atom radiating light of frequency v is restricted to emitting an amount of energy giv en by hv (where h is the Planck’s constant). Planck called this definite amount of energy a quantum of energy. In classical physics, energy is a continuous variable. In quantum physics, energy is quantized, meaning that energy can take on only certain values. After Planck announced his theory, Albert Einstein applied the concept of energy quantization to the explanation of the experimental observations in the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon when electrons are ejected from a substance exposed to electromagnetic radiation. According to classical physics, the average energy carried by an ejected electron should increase with the intensity of the incident radiation and not the frequency. However, from experimental observations, the energy of electrons ejected depends on the frequency of the incident radiation. Increasing the intensity of the incident radiation would only increase the amount and not the average energy of the electrons ejected. Also, for every substance irradiated, there is a threshold frequency below which no electrons are ejected irrespective of the light intensity. In 1905, Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by extending Planck’s concept of energy quantization to electromagnetic radiation. He proposed that besides having wavelike properties, electromagnetic radiation can be considered to consist of individual quanta, called photons, which interact with the electrons in the substance like discrete particles. For a given frequency v of the incident radiation, each photon carries a definite amount of energy given by hv, where h is the Planck’s constant. The threshold frequency is explained by the different nature of the materials. For each material there is a certain minimum energy, called the work function F, necessary to liberate an electron. Thus the threshold frequency, v0, corresponds to a minimum energy packet, hv0 (=F), required to liberate the electron. The next major contribution to the quantum theory was Niels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom. When hydrogen gas is heated, the hydrogen atoms emit electromagnetic radiation of only certain distinct frequencies. During 1885 to 1910, Rydberg and Balmer independently found an empirical formula, called the Rydberg equation, which correctly reproduces the observed hydrogen atom spectral frequencies. However, there was no explanation for this formula. Meanwhile, in 1911, Rutherford introduced his atomic model, a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a revolving, negatively charged electron cloud. According to classical physics, Rutherford’s atom is unstable because the negative electrons are attracted by the positive nucleus. As a result, the electrons will spiral into the nucleus releasing huge amounts of energy and the electrons’ spectral frequencies will change continuously. In 1913, Bohr introduced his theory of the hydrogen atom by applying quantum theo ry to Rutherford’s electron cloud. In his theory, Bohr postulated that the electrons can only revolve about the nucleus in fixed orbits of different energy values, such that the angular momentum of the revolving electron are quantized. When an electron is in an allowed orbit, the atom does not radiate energy. Such an electron is said to be in the stationary state and it has a certain amount of energy. If the electron makes its transitions from one energy level to another, photons of energies corresponding to the difference between the initial and final energy levels are emitted or absorbed. This gives rise to the set of characteristic line spectra and the Rydberg equation can finally be explained. After Bohr announced his theory of the hydrogen atom, attempts were made to apply Bohr’s theory to atoms with more than one electron and to molecules. However, all attempts to derive the spectra of such systems using extensions of Bohr’s theory failed. A key idea towards resolving these difficulties was advanced by Louis de Broglie in 1923. He proposed that just as light shows both wave and particle like behaviours, matter also has a â€Å"dual† nature. He assumed that any particle, for example, an electron, an atom, etc, has a wavelength l which is given by h/p , where h is the Planck’s constant and p is the particles’ momentum. De Broglie obtained this equation by reasoning in analogy with photons. Although photons don’t have mass, but they do have energy. As Einstein famously proved, mass and energy are related in the equation E = mc2 where E is the energy, m is the mass and c is the speed of light. At speed c, a photon has a nonzero mass m. So by combining the 2 formulae, E = mc2 and E = hv , de Broglie obtained the equation l = h/p . In 1927, his hypothesis was experimentally confirmed by Davisson and Germer, who observed diffraction effects when an electron beam was reflected from a crystal of nickel. Since then, similar diffraction effects have been observed with neutrons, protons, helium atoms, and hydrogen molecules, indicating that the de Broglie hypothesis applies to all material particles, not just electrons. After the 1920s, more and more observations were found to prove the validity of the quantum theory. Soon, the quantum theory led to the modern theory of the interaction between matter and radiation known as quantum mechanics, which generalized and replaced classical mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. Since then, science never looked back, as the quest for the understanding of how everything works continued†¦

How Homeschooled Students Should Prep for the ACT

How Homeschooled Students Should Prep for the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you receive your education at home or outside the formal setting of a public or private school? If you're a homeschooled student aiming to go to a 4-year college, then you're probably planning to take the ACT (or its equivalent, the SAT). This guide will go over how you can prep for the ACT as a homeschooled student, come up with a solid test plan, and be strategic in your approach to taking this important test. The first step is asking yourself about your strengths and weaknesses as a student. Assess Your Strengths and Weaknesses Is your imagination carried away when you read fiction, but scientific charts and graphs make you feel stuck? Do you love the challenge of word problems, but feel scared of the big blank page when it comes time to write an essay? Maybe you find something interesting in all your subjects, but you struggle to answer questions under strict time limits. Taking the time to honestly assess your strengths and weaknesses as a student will help you prep for the ACT. Rather than studying every section and question type equally, you should focus your energies on those areas where you need the most improvement. If time management is tough for you, for example, then you should learn and try time-saving strategies, along with timing yourself while you take practice tests. Through targeting and drilling your weaknesses, you can enhance your skills, gain confidence, and improve your overall scores. As a homeschooled student, you might be especially aware of your strengths, interests, and challenges as a student. Self-Reflection and ACT Prep Many home educators follow a philosophy of "natural learning" or "autonomous learning" that gives students more independence and input into shaping their learning by following their passions. If this sounds like your experience, then you likely have more practice with cultivating self-awareness than your peers who went through a traditional school system. As mentioned above, students who really improve their ACT scores don't just get to know the test really well, they also get to know themselves really well. Rather than wastingtime repeating what youalready know, you canstrategically approach test prep with a plan to identify and drill yourweak spots. Any areas of difficulty can be improved with training, just like you get better at layups by practicing them or at playing piano by repeatingscales and songs. Distributing your effort where it can make the most difference will make your test prep most effective. Plus you might present an even stronger case to your teacher(s) for adding some ACT prep toyour daily classes or homework assignments. Give Input Into Your Curriculum Do you get any say in what you're learning? If your educators are open to your contributing to the curriculum - which is often the case within home education - perhaps you can incorporate ACTprep into your day. Share your goal of getting into a 4-year college, and articulate how important scoring well on the ACT is to meeting that goal. If you can integrate ACT science, math, English, Reading, and essay questions into your classroom learning, then you can ground your learning in the context of the test and apply your understanding to practice problems. It will be a two-way street where your classroom learning can complement your ACT prep, and vice versa. If you're studying geometry, for instance, find some official ACT practice questions and include them as practice or a test. To practice stating and supporting your point of view in a 5-paragraph essay, bring in ACT essay questions (bonus points if you can time them for 30 minutes). Lee Binz of HomeScholar says it's "helpful to have your teen choose curriculum - ESPECIALLY in their weak areas. As your teens progress, try to engage them in curriculum choosing." This applies to ACT prep as much as any of your learning. Hopefully you can share your post-secondary goals, integrate ACT prep into class and homework, and incorporate more time limits to get used to the strict timing of the ACT. Of course, in order to effectively design a study plan on your own and as part of your curriculum, you must gain a clear understanding of exactly what's on the ACT. Can you give some input into your curriculum? Understand the Content of the ACT What's the difference between the Reading and English section of the ACT? How many math classes should you take to do well on the math section? Is the Science sectionabout straight recall or interpretation of experiment results? How many questions are in each section, anyway? The first step whenpreparing for the ACT should be thoroughly understanding what's on the Reading, English, Math, and Science sections (and don't forget about the essay, if you're taking the ACT Plus Writing!). With all the information on the test out there, you shouldn't have any surprises on test day. After reviewing the content of the test, you should try taking a diagnostic practice test. Official ACT practice tests are best, and you cansimulate testing conditions by sitting in a quiet place and timing each section. Then you can score your test and figure out which areas were easy and which were challenging. Analyzing your mistakes, along with reflecting on your general strengths and weaknesses as I talked about above, will give you a good launchingpoint. Once you know where you're starting and where you'd like to arrive, you can design astudy plan that will take you there. Design a Study Plan It's helpful to know where you're starting out from and the target scores you want to achieve. Apart from integrating test prep into your classes, you'll benefit from putting in the time and effort to study on your own. The following is an estimate of how many hours of prep you should devote in order to improve your composite score. These are rough estimates that could vary depending on your individual learning style and rate of growth. ACT Composite Point Improvement 0-1 points - 10 hours1-2 points - 20 hours2-4 points - 40 hours4-6 points - 80 hours6-9 points - 150 hours+ Before freaking out about the 150 hours+, think about how much time you could accumulate if you start studying early. If you took the ACT in the fall of junior year, the spring of junior year, and again in the fall of senior year, you'd have a whole year to improve from your first test (plus all the studying you did the summer before junior year). Let's think about this year between your first and final ACT test.There are about 48 weeks in 12 months, so studying for just 2 to 3 hours a week already adds up to 96 to 144 hours. If you could set aside just a few hours each week, then you could put in lots of prep time and see a significant score improvement. Plus you probably want to ramp up your study time in the couple of months before your test date. Besides reinforcing the concepts you need to know for the ACT, you also want to learn about and try out strategies to learn which ones work best for you. Get Strategic While you can't know exactly what questions you'll get on test day, you can have a pretty clear idea. Since the ACT is a standardized test given nationwide (and internationally, too), the testmakers must use a similar template for their questions test after test. By really examining the types of math, reading, English, and science questions, you can have a sense of what the questions are getting at and how they are generally reformulations of the same types of questions. Besides looking strategically at the questions, you can use strategies to save time. By glancing over the passage-based questions and skimming the passages for the main points, for instance, you'll save a lot more time than if you did a close read the first time. By using process of elimination on the questions, you can see what "tricks" the ACT is using to distract you from the correct answer. Read about strategies, learn to recognize the common "distractor" answer choices, and utilize the approach that helps you avoid the common pitfalls and save time. Part of this, as I talked about above, is timing yourself as you prep to learn how to work quickly and efficiently. Ready...set...go! Use a Stopwatch Have an iPhone or Android? Use the stopwatch feature to time yourself as you take practice tests. Or kick it old school and use an actual stopwatch, like the shiny one above.Hereis how much time you get foreach section: English: 45 minutesMath: 60 minutesReading: 35 minutesScience: 35 minutesEssay: +30 minutes Taking your time to deeply understand the concepts is fine, but once you are taking practice tests, you should really set the same conditions that you'll experience on test day. If you can't demonstrate your knowledge in a short amount of time, then you unfortunately won't be able to hit the ACT scores you deserve. Studying concepts, applying strategies, and taking practice tests takes sustained focus and effort, and I'm definitely not trying to suggest that studying for the ACT is your only focus in high school. You have other classes, activities, plus the other parts of the college process to think about. But if you really want to perform well on the ACT, then you should make time to improve your scores through studying. So how can you balance ACT prep with everything else? (Hint: the answer is not to cut out sleeping at night.) Strike a Balance with Test Prep and Everything Else That last tip about starting early is really helpful for finding balance and making time for test prep in your busy schedule. Write down a schedule for yourself, and try to make a routine of it (things might come up, but try to keep this routine as regularas possible). If you start early, then you won't be struck with the anxiety of an approaching test date and no time (anxiety gets in the way of focusing and retaining information, too - no fun for anybody). Perhaps you're motivated by the last minute study rush, which is fine. Everyone has different study styles. But withoutlearning about the ACT and taking the diagnostic test, you won't know how much time you need. You won't know what you don't know, if that makes sense. So take the time to figure that out with months or a year to spare, and then design your optimal study plan from there, whether it's spread out equally or staggered to ramp up right before your test. Another important consideration when designing your schedule is what your other commitments are. Are you playing on a varsity sports team junior year? Are you designing an app, or have you convinced your parents to take you on a cross-country road trip in the name of college visits? Figure out what your competing commitments are so you won't find yourself overwhelmed by ACT prep. This mindset will help you find balance with your study plan and when choosing your test dates. Be Thoughtful About Your Test Dates I briefly touched on the typical schedule and prep hours for students. A lot of students take the real ACT for the first time in the fall of junior year, then again in the spring, and then for the final time in the fall of senior year if they still see room for improvement. This gives you three test dates, but you might want more to take the pressure off, get more real test experience, or build your scores up section by section. Plus if you're super busy junior year, then you can move prep ahead and get your test scores all finished and done with well ahead of your college deadlines. Even if you haven't studied some concepts extensively in school yet, like geometry or trigonometry, you can reinforce what you do know and get a headstart on new concepts.There are a lot of considerations when choosing your test dates, and by being thoughtful about each one you can devise a schedule customized to you. To keep all this straight, I can't emphasize enough the importance of writing everything down. Not you! Keep Track of Everything As a homeschooled student, you might nothave the same college-bound peer group or guidance counselors to be by your side and keep you updatedthroughout the college process (though you can make an appointment with a counselor at your local high school). That's why you might have some extra responsibilities when it comes to keeping track of your test dates, prep, deadlines, and application materials. Make sure you research your colleges' policies about standardized testing, expectations for scores, and any ACT-based scholarships they offer. Create a system of organization, whether you use binders or online tools like Google Calendar and Google Docs, to write everything down, create and stick to your schedule, and remember all those passwords you'll be creating for sites like the ACT and The Common Application. As a homeschooled student, you've probably developed a great deal of independence in your learning and organization, and you can draw on this strength as you work towards your post-high school goals. Not only will this help you geta strong ACT score and admission to your dream school, but these skills will help you be a successful and self-directed college student capable of achieving great things. What's Next? The best ACT practice questions come straight from the testmakers. Download official ACT practice tests with questions from previously administered tests here. Are you not sure when you should sign up for your first ACT? Should you take one just for the experience, or wait until you've put in some serious studying? Learn when to take your first official ACT here. Wondering what kind of science you need to study for the ACT Science section? Read about the only actual science you need to know(and how this section is more like the Reading section than you might think). Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points?We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Photosynthesis,Chromosomes,DNA Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Photosynthesis,Chromosomes,DNA Structure - Essay Example Photosynthesis, Chromosomes, and DNA Structure: Photosynthesis is a process that primarily occurs in plants. As Postman (2010, p.200) describes, in this process, green plants make use of light energy and forms organic compounds. The solar energy is stored in the chrolophyll present in the chloroplasts of plants. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and water are combined with the stored energy from light resulting in formation of glucose. In the process, oxygen is released into the air. Although the process primarily occurs in plants, however there are certain other organisms and bacteria also that perform this function. Cummings in his studies discussed about the understanding of the structures of DNA and chromosomes, and the organization of DNA in chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered as the components of a cell that carried genes. Studies were conducted to identify the nature of the genes that are carried by the chromosomes as well as the nucleus of the cell. Several studies over the yea rs identified and recognized that as far as bacteria are concerned, DNA proves to be the genetic material. The chemistry of DNA reflects that nucleotides are the subunits that form the nucleic acids, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). A base, a sugar and a group of phosphate comprise the structure of each nucleotide. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are four base components of DNA. The sugar that is contained in the DNA is known as deoxyribose. Polynucleotides may be formed through linkages of nucleotides resulting in formation of chains. There are two such polynucleotide chains in DNA (Cummings, 2010, p.193). The two polynucleotide chains in DNA are placed in opposite direction. These chains are held with the help of hydrogen bonds located between corresponding bases in the converse strands. A right handed helix is formed as the two strands wind around each other. DNA goes through the process of replication where the strands of DNA are separated through proteins. The base sequence in the template strand is read by DNA polymerase while nucleotides are inserted in the complementary strands. As far as the organization of DNA in chromosomes is concerned, studies reveal that DNA is coiled around groups of histones resulting in formation of nucleosomes. Fibers are often formed as the nucleosomes gets supercoiled widening at right angles to the chromosomal axes. It has been obtained that the chromosomal structures are dynamic in nature such that it allows the uncoiling and recoiling in the different stages of cell cycle (Cummings, 2010, p.193). DNA is the hereditary material mostly in human beings and in other organisms. DNA has the ability to replicate and it can lead to formations of RNAs or proteins (Cells and DNA, 2012). Photosynthesis on the other hand is primarily a phenomenon associated with green plants. It is through the process of photosynthesis that green plants are capable of growing their roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fru its. It is due to this particular phenomenon that plants are considered as the producers and hence they are the basic food materials for every food chain and for every other living organism. While the functions of DNA and chromosomes are internal to a human body or body of an organism, the process of photosynthesis is also beneficial towards nature, ecology and the environment. It is because through

Multicultural Education Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multicultural Education - Coursework Example Creating a multicultural environment requires one to be non-judgmental and open. It is important that teachers act genuinely among diverse students. Classes have students with different experiences from all over the world, some good and some traumatizing. A number of students are refugees of different ethnic backgrounds running from war-torn countries. Some students may be poor and others from extremely wealthy families (Banks & Banks, 2010, p.49). Teachers should, therefore, respect students for who they are and accommodate their thoughts and concerns. Multicultural classrooms have children from different linguistic background. To have a better understanding of their students, teachers need to research the native backgrounds of these students. They should embrace the language differences since it gives them an insight into their customs and behavior. Schools should have multicultural libraries no matter the subjects taught. Having a variety of books from multicultural authors excites an ordinary classroom (Wayne, 2009, p. 34). Perhaps the most exciting way of creating a multi-cultural environment is celebrating cultural differences among students. Schools can accomplish this through simple events such as food fairs highlighting different cultures and cultural music. As countries continue to exhibit great diversity in classes, must teachers and students to understand and accept differences among people. There is, therefore, a significant challenge among educators to develop an effective multicultural education curriculum through which all students can learn happily with each